Notes Weis' "Ancestral Roots. . ." (176:6). Madog inherited the kingship of Powys upon the death of his father in 1132. In 1156, impressed by his power, and feeling that he needed his assistance in repelling the territorial ambitions of OWAIN AP GRUFFUDD of Gwynedd, Madog yielded to the authority of King HENRY II of England. In 1157 he assisted HENRY in his campaign against OWAIN. When Madog died in 1160 there was a struggle for succession. In 1149 Madog had allowed his nephews, Owain and Meurig, to rule Cyfieliog as an appendage to the kingdom according to the custom of those times - never intending that the area should be separated from the kingdom of Powys. When Madog's son, Gruffudd, succeeded his father, Owain was able to keep Cyfieliog and some adjacent areas for himself, leaving only northern Powys for Gruffudd. This split the kingdom into two, resulting in Powys' loss of generally equal status with the kingdoms of Gwynedd and Deheubarth. Our line of descent flows through Madog's daughter, MARARED, who married IOWERETH of Gwynedd and became the mother of LLYWELYN THE GREAT.