Ronald F. Malan in "The Ancestry of Dhuoda, Duchess of Septimania" in the Spring 1997 issue (vol. 11, no. 1) of The Genealogist. Lupus the Gascon, duke of Gascony, of unknown parentage but considered hereditary master of Gascony, married about 770 a Galician princess. He was imprisoned in 778 by CHARLEMAGNE for his role in the famous first ambush at Roncesvalles and probably died soon afterwards.