Kevin Patrick Mostyn Family - Person Sheet
Kevin Patrick Mostyn Family - Person Sheet
NameWilliam 'the Lion' King Of Scotland, 25G Grandfather
FatherHenry Earl Of Huntingdon (~1114-1152)
MotherAdelaide DE WARENNE (-1178)
Spouses
1Daughter Of Richard AVENAL, 25G Grandmother
FatherRichard AVENAL
ChildrenAufrica Of Scotland (Illegitimate) (~1136-)
Isabel Of Scotland (Illegitimate)
Web Notes notes for William 'the Lion' King Of Scotland
From the book, "Scotland: a Concise History" revised edition, by Fitzroy Maclean, 1993, page 31:
On King Malcolm IV's death in 1165, the throne passed to his more enterprising brother William the Lion. Resenting the loss of Northumbria, William, after first concluding in 1165 a formal alliance with France, to be known to succeeding generations as the Auld Alliance, launched in 1174 a grand invasion of England at a moment when he had reason to hope that Henry II's attention was engaged elsewhere. But the enterprise misfired. Thanks to their own rashness and to an East Coast mist, attributed by both sides to divine intervention, the Scots were heavily defeated at Alnwick and William himself taken prisoner and sent by the English to Normandy.
There he was forced to sign the Treaty of Falaise. By this humiliating document Scotland was placed under feudal subjection to England, the Scottish Church put under the jurisdiction of the English primate, Northumbria confirmed as English territory and the main castles of southern Scotland garrisoned by English troops.
Fifteen years were to pass before William was able to redress the balance. In 1189 Richard Coeur de Lion of England, needing money for a crusade, agreed to hand back the castles occupied in 1174 and to renounce his feudal superiority over Scotland in return for 10,000 marks. Three years later, Pope Celestine III released the Scottish Church from English supremacy, and decreed that thenceforth it should be under the direct jurisdiction of Rome. It was the beginning of more than a hundred years of peace between Scotland and England.
page 32:
But the Celtic chieftains of the west, who still enjoyed a great measure of independence, were in a state of more or less permanent insurrection against the central monarchy. Fergus, Prince of Galloway, had rebelled no less than three times against Malcolm the Maiden before retiring to a monastery, and in the reign of William the Lion his sons rose again, massacring, with particular gusto, the Anglo-Norman garrisons which had been stationed in southern Scotland under the Treaty of Falaise. It was a long time before this last Celtic stronghold of the south-west was finally pacified.
Further north, in what is now Argyllshire, were the dominions of the Lords of Lorne and the Lords of the Isles. These regarded themselves with reason as independent rulers with no particular loyalty or obligations to the royal house of Scotland, their allegiance being rather to the kings of Norway. Already in the reign of Malcolm the Maiden, the part-Norse Somerled, King of Morvern, Lochaber, Argyll and the southern Hebrides and uncle by marriage to the Norwegian King of the Isles, had shown his contempt for the Scottish kings by sailing up the Clyde and sacking Glasgow. An unlucky spear-thrust laid him low and his followers had been beaten off by Malcolm's High Steward, Walter fitzAlan, Lord of Renfrew. But Somerled's descendants, the Macdougall Lords of Lorne and the Macdonald Lords of the Isles, were, in their turn, to carry on the tradition of independence.
When William the Lion died in 1214, he was succeeded by his son Alexander, II.
1143–1214, king of Scotland (1165–1214), brother and successor of Malcolm IV. Determined to recover Northumbria (lost to England in 1157), he supported the rebellion (1173–74) of the sons of Henry II of England. The result was that he was captured by Henry, who forced him to sign the Treaty of Falaise (1174), making Scotland a feudal possession of England. Released in 1175, he immediately asked the pope to declare the Scottish church free of English domination. A quarrel with the pope delayed the decision, but, in 1188, Pope Clement III declared the church in Scotland subject only to Rome. In 1189, William was able to buy annulment of the Treaty of Falaise from Richard I of England for 10,000 marks. After the succession (1199) of King John in England, William once more demanded the restoration of Northumbria but was finally forced (1209) by show of arms to abandon the claim. William put down several revolts within Scotland and furthered somewhat the process of feudalization in the kingdom. His alliance (1168) with Louis VII of France began a long friendship between France and Scotland, later to be known as the Auld Alliance. He was succeeded by his son, Alexander II.
On King Malcolm IV's death in 1165, the throne passed to his more enterprising brother William the Lion. Resenting the loss of Northumbria, William, after first concluding in 1165 a formal alliance with France, to be known to succeeding generations as the Auld Alliance, launched in 1174 a grand invasion of England at a moment when he had reason to hope that Henry II's attention was engaged elsewhere. But the enterprise misfired. Thanks to their own rashness and to an East Coast mist, attributed by both sides to divine intervention, the Scots were heavily defeated at Alnwick and William himself taken prisoner and sent by the English to Normandy.
There he was forced to sign the Treaty of Falaise. By this humiliating document Scotland was placed under feudal subjection to England, the Scottish Church put under the jurisdiction of the English primate, Northumbria confirmed as English territory and the main castles of southern Scotland garrisoned by English troops.
Fifteen years were to pass before William was able to redress the balance. In 1189 Richard Coeur de Lion of England, needing money for a crusade, agreed to hand back the castles occupied in 1174 and to renounce his feudal superiority over Scotland in return for 10,000 marks. Three years later, Pope Celestine III released the Scottish Church from English supremacy, and decreed that thenceforth it should be under the direct jurisdiction of Rome. It was the beginning of more than a hundred years of peace between Scotland and England.
page 32:
But the Celtic chieftains of the west, who still enjoyed a great measure of independence, were in a state of more or less permanent insurrection against the central monarchy. Fergus, Prince of Galloway, had rebelled no less than three times against Malcolm the Maiden before retiring to a monastery, and in the reign of William the Lion his sons rose again, massacring, with particular gusto, the Anglo-Norman garrisons which had been stationed in southern Scotland under the Treaty of Falaise. It was a long time before this last Celtic stronghold of the south-west was finally pacified.
Further north, in what is now Argyllshire, were the dominions of the Lords of Lorne and the Lords of the Isles. These regarded themselves with reason as independent rulers with no particular loyalty or obligations to the royal house of Scotland, their allegiance being rather to the kings of Norway. Already in the reign of Malcolm the Maiden, the part-Norse Somerled, King of Morvern, Lochaber, Argyll and the southern Hebrides and uncle by marriage to the Norwegian King of the Isles, had shown his contempt for the Scottish kings by sailing up the Clyde and sacking Glasgow. An unlucky spear-thrust laid him low and his followers had been beaten off by Malcolm's High Steward, Walter fitzAlan, Lord of Renfrew. But Somerled's descendants, the Macdougall Lords of Lorne and the Macdonald Lords of the Isles, were, in their turn, to carry on the tradition of independence.
When William the Lion died in 1214, he was succeeded by his son Alexander, II.
1143–1214, king of Scotland (1165–1214), brother and successor of Malcolm IV. Determined to recover Northumbria (lost to England in 1157), he supported the rebellion (1173–74) of the sons of Henry II of England. The result was that he was captured by Henry, who forced him to sign the Treaty of Falaise (1174), making Scotland a feudal possession of England. Released in 1175, he immediately asked the pope to declare the Scottish church free of English domination. A quarrel with the pope delayed the decision, but, in 1188, Pope Clement III declared the church in Scotland subject only to Rome. In 1189, William was able to buy annulment of the Treaty of Falaise from Richard I of England for 10,000 marks. After the succession (1199) of King John in England, William once more demanded the restoration of Northumbria but was finally forced (1209) by show of arms to abandon the claim. William put down several revolts within Scotland and furthered somewhat the process of feudalization in the kingdom. His alliance (1168) with Louis VII of France began a long friendship between France and Scotland, later to be known as the Auld Alliance. He was succeeded by his son, Alexander II.